An Exegetical Study of 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18: With Reference to the Rapture

Abstract

Walter W. Westphal’s essay, An Exegetical Study of I Thessalonians 4:13–18 with Reference to the Rapture (1977), provides a detailed analysis of Paul’s teaching on Christ’s return and its implications for eschatology. Westphal begins with the historical context of Thessalonica, noting the congregation’s brief instruction under Paul and its struggles with grief and confusion over deceased believers. He translates and examines the Greek text, emphasizing key terms such as “sleep,” “Parousia,” and “caught up,” and explains Paul’s assurance that both living and deceased Christians will share equally in the glory of Christ’s visible return. The study highlights the passage’s pastoral purpose: comforting believers with the hope of resurrection and eternal union with Christ. In the final section, Westphal critiques Millennialist interpretations of the “Rapture,” exposing errors such as an invisible coming, multiple judgments, and second chances for unbelievers. He contrasts these views with Scripture’s clear teaching of one visible return of Christ, one resurrection, and one final judgment on the last day. The essay concludes with confessional clarity and devotional application, affirming the believer’s hope in Christ’s triumph and urging steadfastness against eschatological distortions. Abstract prepared by Microsoft Copilot (GPT‑4).