The Real Presence of Christ's Body and Blood in the Lord's Supper: Contemporary Issues Concerning the Sacramental Union

Abstract

John F. Brug’s essay addresses contemporary theological issues surrounding the real presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper. Drawing from Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Brug affirms the sacramental union—Christ’s true body and blood are present “in, with, and under” the bread and wine. He explores three key questions: the nature of Christ’s presence, who may properly receive the Sacrament, and the moment of presence. Brug defends closed communion based on biblical criteria for worthy reception and doctrinal unity. He emphasizes that the moment of presence is not defined in Scripture and must remain an open question, cautioning against speculative or divisive teachings. Historical testimonies from Lutheran theologians support the view that Christ’s presence occurs during reception, not consecration. Brug concludes that faithful stewardship of the Sacrament requires adherence to Scripture, not human tradition, and calls for unity in doctrine while allowing freedom in pious opinion. Abstract prepared by Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4).