The Kingdom(s) and the Power and the Glory: A Biblical and Confessional Perspective on the Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms

Abstract

Americans are accustomed to hearing about a separation between church and state. Lutherans follow Luther’s lead and speak of church and state as two realms with distinct authority, purpose, and purview. This paper will explore the doctrinal foundation for our discussion of the two kingdoms by providing reference points to key Bible passages and confessional statements. Since Christians live in both kingdoms, there are times when a clear separation between church and state is not possible, but we should be aware of useful distinctions. Biblical instruction is a divine guide for faith; human affairs are governed by natural law and reason. “All things hold together” in Christ, both in heaven and on earth. Biblical teaching also has historical context which can provide perspective as we put this doctrine into practice.