The Changing Role of Women in the LCMS, 1938-1978

Abstract

Philip M. Birner’s 1980 essay explores the evolving role of women in the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod (LCMS) from 1938 to 1978, focusing on voting rights and ordination. Initially grounded in conservative interpretations of Scripture, the LCMS resisted granting women suffrage or leadership roles. Over time, convention proceedings and theological studies led to incremental changes, culminating in the 1969 resolution allowing women to vote and serve on boards, provided they did not exercise authority over men or hold pastoral office. The essay also examines the influence of broader Lutheran bodies, such as the ALC, and internal debates that shaped LCMS policy. A 1977 survey revealed widespread adoption of women’s suffrage in congregations, though ordination remained prohibited. — Abstract by Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4)