The Canon-What Is the Import of the Distinction between the Canonical and Deuterocanonical (Antilegomena) Books?

Abstract

Gary P. Baumler’s essay explores the theological and historical significance of distinguishing between canonical and deuterocanonical (antilegomena) books of the Bible. He affirms that canonicity is determined solely by divine inspiration, not by human recognition, though historical processes have shaped the Church’s reception of the canon. Baumler traces the development of the New Testament canon, emphasizing apostolicity—authorship, authority, and content—as the key criterion. He reviews early Church Fathers, the Reformation, and Lutheran theologians, noting Martin Luther’s reservations about certain books (e.g., James, Revelation) and the enduring Lutheran openness to evaluating the canon. Baumler concludes that while all 27 New Testament books are accepted as canonical, distinctions in perceived value persist. These distinctions do not undermine the authority of Scripture but reflect historical and theological nuance. The essay encourages faithful confidence in the canon while acknowledging scholarly inquiry and the Spirit’s role in recognition. Abstract generated by Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4)