What's the Difference?

Abstract

Summary This 1987 survey-based study compares doctrinal beliefs and practices among Lutheran clergy in Milwaukee County across five synods: ALC, AELC, LCA, LCMS, and WELS. The authors analyze responses to 35 theological and ethical questions, revealing significant differences in views on biblical inerrancy, creation, salvation, sacraments, morality, and church fellowship. WELS and LCMS pastors consistently affirm conservative, confessional positions, while ALC and LCA pastors show broader theological diversity and greater openness to liberal interpretations. Topics such as abortion, homosexuality, women's ordination, and evolution highlight the divergence. The study also compares results to a 1971 survey, noting shifts in attitudes over time. While some respondents criticized the survey’s framing, the authors maintain their academic intent and conclude that substantial differences exist among Lutheran bodies—differences that affect doctrine, practice, and public perception. The paper serves as a resource for understanding the theological landscape of American Lutheranism.

—Summary generated by Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4)