Luther and James: Did Luther Use the Historical Critical Method?

Abstract

Mark F. Bartling’s paper, presented during the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther’s birth, examines Luther’s view of Scripture, particularly his controversial remarks about the Book of James. Bartling argues that Luther’s questioning of James was rooted not in a rejection of biblical inerrancy, but in concerns over apostolic authorship and canonicity. The paper refutes claims that Luther supported the historical-critical method, emphasizing instead Luther’s unwavering belief in the divine inspiration and infallibility of canonical Scripture. Bartling explores the historical development of the biblical canon, distinctions between homologoumena and antilegomena, and the role of the early church in recognizing authentic texts. Supplementary materials include comparative lists of canonical and apocryphal books, discussions on pseudepigrapha, and essays by Elmer J. Moeller on lay understanding and doctrinal issues in the Missouri Synod. The paper affirms Luther’s legacy as a theologian whose conscience was captive to God’s Word. — Abstract generated by Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4)