Martin Luther, Augustinian

Abstract

Richard D. Balge’s essay Martin Luther, Augustinian explores the theological and historical relationship between Martin Luther and Augustine of Hippo. Balge traces Luther’s early exposure to Augustine through the Augustinian Order and his mentor John Staupitz, highlighting Augustine’s influence on Luther’s understanding of sin, grace, and justification. While Luther initially revered Augustine, Balge shows how Luther gradually surpassed his teacher, especially in grasping justification by faith alone. The essay details Luther’s selective use of Augustine’s writings, his growing independence from patristic authority, and his ultimate reliance on Scripture alone. Despite theological divergences, Luther continued to honor Augustine as the greatest post-apostolic teacher. Balge concludes that while Augustine was not fully “Lutheran,” Luther remained “Augustinian” in spirit, acknowledging the bishop of Hippo’s role in guiding him toward gospel clarity. —Abstract prepared by Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4)