The Influence of Pietism and Rationalism upon the Distinctively Lutheran Theology of Worship

Abstract

M.W. Anderson’s 1988 essay critically examines how Pietism and Rationalism influenced Lutheran worship, particularly through the development and adoption of the Common Service. Anderson argues that the Common Service, shaped by 19th-century American Lutheran bodies influenced by Pietism, emphasized historical liturgical forms over doctrinal distinctiveness. He contrasts this with Luther’s theology of worship, which prioritized the proclamation of the Gospel through Word and Sacrament. A central concern is the omission of individual absolution, a practice rooted in Lutheran confessional theology but neglected due to Rationalist and Pietist trends. Anderson draws on historical examples from Europe and America, including the work of Grundtvig and Walther, to highlight the theological consequences of liturgical changes. He concludes that worship must reflect Lutheran sacramental theology rather than ecumenical compromise, warning against the loss of Gospel-centered practices in favor of aesthetic or historical uniformity. Abstract generated with the assistance of Microsoft Copilot (GPT-4).